 |
Representatives of the 6
clans of Mur that helped developed Mur
Resource Conservation
Management Plan. Photo: Leeray Letani Robin
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DEVELOPED
BY THE PEOPLE OF MUR COMMUNITY, RAI COAST MADANG PROVINCE WITH ASSISTANCE
FROM MAKATA INC.
Table of Contents
The idea of
conservation or management is linked with an icon, one of the prehistoric
reptiles of all time, the leatherback turtle.
This animal was used traditional as a means for the famous barter
system, the coastal communities would trade the leatherback turtle for garden
crops. This was a traditional practice for this community; however locals did
not know that this assess was not going to be around for long if there were no
actions taken to protect them as they were historically part of history. The
people of Mur have expressed their desire to manage their resources and have
therefore sought assistance from MAKATA Inc, to facilitate a process to achieve
this desire. The seven clans that have traditional ownership of the area met on
the 22nd- 24th of September 2014 to agree to have a
marine management area. This plan is put together by the clans with assistance
from MAKATA their overall vision is to: “MUR COMMUNITY HAVE RESOURCES IN THE FOREST, BEACH
AND SEA AND ARE HEALTHY AND HAPPY.
“LMMA”- stands for Locally Managed Marine
areas
“Tambu”-
is a protected or restricted area
“Marine management committee”- the
group that is responsible for the implementation and enforce the
Community resource management plan.
“Management area” - traditional
fishing and harvesting areas that have been designated for management by the
local community.
“Management
Plan” - Community Resource Management Plan
"Clans" - A
large family group
"Kunai grass"- Tok
pisin version of a type of grass, that occurs extensive areas
Mur community is about three to four
hours by speed boat and is situated in East of Madang
town
in the Rai Coast District of Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. Mur Community is
located in Ward 5, Rai coast Madang. It is at least three to four hours by a
40hp engine boat. It is nestled along long stretches of fine black sandy
beaches. The people here are subsistence farmers and fishermen. The proposed
management boundaries extend from :
ONSHORE
(INLAND) CO-ORDINATES
WP001 S 05. 68149° and E 146.
54604° DIRFONI Border with Baru
Village to WP017 S 05. 65538°
and E 146. 49576° GUPGUP BARET Border with
Fanger village; to
BEACH
SURVEY CO-ORDINATES
WP018 S
05.65033° and E 146. 49448° GALEMBA BEACH Border with Fanger Village to WP051 S
05. 63673° and E 146. 50627°
Border with Fanger.
Each clan has designated specific
strategies within their clan areas and management would be solely their
responsibility.
Mur is made up of one big village and
several hamlets. They have seven major clans. Here are the
clans and the number of people in each
clan.
Clans and Population (To be verified with the Ward 5 Recorder)
1. Marasok – M = 136 –F= 109 – Total
= 245
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2. Maigomba - M = 72 – F=50 – Total
= 122
|
3. Yakot - M = 69 – F= 42 – Total =
111
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4. Kamdau - M = 72 – F = 26 – Total
= 98
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5. Sokila - M = 58 – F = 22 – Total
= 80
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6. Mur - M = 115 – F = 64 = Total =
179
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7. Dawang - M = 112 – F = 56 = Total
= 168
|
|
The population is: Male 634; Female
369; Total = 1003.
Apart from the main language
of the community there are three other different languages spoken by the clans.
(Mention those
languages)
The nearest health center, primary
school and other government service is at Saidor, the district
headquarters, some two hours walk away
from Mur. The only service in the community is the Dawang
elementary and primary school.
The main source of income is cocoa and
copra. Another source of income is by selling local crops
at the market, like betel nut (buai),
mastard (daka), lime (kambang), peanut, greens, garden
produce, fish etc at the local
markets. Mr. Tilom Dabaliga also produces and sells organic stock
feed, a skill he learnt from the
agriculture officers based at Rai Coast District.
There is a business
operation within the area at Nom plantation which is a few minutes’ walk from
Mur and is managed by Benny Leahy. There is a retail store and a wholesale
there where people get their store goods. The company also buys copra and wet
bean cocoa from the local people.
Apart from the health
clinic team and the Catholic priest’s visits, the Volunteer Service
Organisation also pays visits to the community.
The nearest airstrip
is at Saidor government station, but most people cannot afford to meet the
airfares. The most possible transport is by boat and dinghy. Their most
frequent mode of transport is by walking.
This management is an agreement between the
six clans of Mur Community, namely:
1.
Marasok 2. Maigomba 3.
Kamdau 4. Sokila 5. Mur 6. Dawang. This
plan was developed to protect and safeguard the community resources in the
condition they are in before it is over exploited to the point where it cannot
recover.
The management plan describes the resources
that the community value discussing their importance and their uses and the
condition that these resources are currently at. It also goes on to discuss the
threats and provides strategies or regulations and penalties to eliminate or
control the threat to the important resources. Inclusive is a monitoring plan
that will work towards measuring the effectiveness of the implemented
management plan.
The management plan will be implemented by
the Mur community members.
The following community targets are of high
value to the community leaders; (1) Cocoa (2) Fish (3) Turtle (4) Coral Reefs
(5) Sea shells (6) Kunai Grass (7) Sago (8) River
Cocoa
, is a cash crop, primarily to earn income. A lot
of the locals have fermentations that allow for them to dry their cocoa and
then take it to the market for the buyer to pay cash. The locals are highly
dependent on this resource as mentioned for income.
Fish is a local protein and communities harvest when need be to
complement local garden crops such as sweet potato (kaukau), banana and cassava
(tapiok)
Turtle. This animal is
used for traditional purposes to trade. They
don’t sell turtle meat and eggs. Traditionally, they killed turtles mainly to
trade with the inland people for taro. Even today they still don’t sell them.
They use it for their own consumption.
Coral
Reefs. This
target resource provides for other important marine resources such as fish and shells.
There are also cultural stories tied to this resource that the communities
still treasure.
Shell
fish. This is a delicacy for the locals as well,
making up part of the meal, only when there is availability of the preferred
shell fish
Kunai
Grass is used especially for roofing thatch. This
material is available easily and therefore harvesting is over a large area. It is also cut and burnt
to make areas for gardening. Locals also burn the grass to hunt for pigs.
Sago
palm. The bark of the sago palm is beaten for its
starchy substance which is food for the local. The palm leaves are also used
for thatch roofs, such as that of kunai grass. Also where sago palms are found
there are small outlets of water where locals use for bathing and washing
dishes.
River.
The locals
use this area for washing clothes and dishes and bathing.
The conditions of each target based on
local observation are as follows and the trend of the resource overtime.
Target resource
|
Condition at present
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Trend over time
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Cocoa
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Good
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Increasing
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Fish
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Very good
|
No change
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Kunai Grass
|
Good
|
Declining
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Sea shells
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Very good
|
No change
|
Coral Reef
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Very good
|
No change
|
River
|
Good
|
No change
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Turtle
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Good
|
No change
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Sago
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Good
|
No change
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The tables above shows that a lot of the
resources are perceive by locals as being good and that it will remain in this
condition for the next 20 years. For the
Kunai grass locals are seeing areas that are reduced in the mountains and the
valleys. The threats that were identified are;
Threat
|
Threat score
|
Priority
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Overharvesting
of resources
|
38
|
1
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Poison
rope fishing
|
34
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2
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Cutting down
|
22
|
4
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Binatang
(insect spoiling the crops)
|
28
|
3
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Burning
or making fires
|
19
|
5
|
Human
Waste
|
16
|
6
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Night
spear
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16
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6
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Oil pollution
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16
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6
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Stealing (Man Stil)
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16
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6
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The most threatened resource identified by
locals can also be seen in the table prioritized below.
Resource
|
Overall
threat scores
|
Prioritization
|
Cocoa
|
50
|
1
|
Fish
|
36
|
2
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Turtle
|
23
|
7
|
Coral
Reefs
|
28
|
5
|
Sea
shells
|
30
|
4
|
Kunai
Grass
|
32
|
3
|
Sago
|
22
|
8
|
River
|
26
|
6
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Participatory discussions have led to
identification of the root causes of the majority of the threats which are:
1.
Lack of education and awareness
2.
Demand of resources due to
population increase
3.
Demand for income to meet basic
necessities
4.
Modern technology and improved
way of living (Western culture replacing traditional culture)
5.
Demand for land to make gardens
to feed increase in population
6.
Traditional systems have died
out so no respect from today generation.
The leaders of Mur have jointly
developed a vision statement (Driman bilong lukautim ol risos), the vision
statement states are:
MUR COMMUNITY HAS RESOURCES IN THE FOREST, BEACH
AND SEA AND ARE HEALTHY AND HAPPY.
Mission statement
MUR MARINE
RESOURSE COMMITTEE WILL TAKE LEAD AND MANAGE THEIR MARINE AND FOREST RESOURCES
TO ENSURE THAT THE PEOPLE OF MUR LIVE A SELF-SUSTAINING LIFE.
Objective 1: NUMBER OF
FEMALE TURTLE NESTING WITHIN THE MANAGEMENT AREA INCREASES WITHIN 3 YEARS.
Objective 2: NUMBER
OF MARINE RESOURCES INCREASED IN (3) THREE YEARS TIME WITHIN THE MUR MANAGEMENT
AREA.
Objective 3: IN THREE YEARS
TIME BEACH VEGETATION WITHIN THE MANAGEMENT AREA IS MAINTAINED AND IS IN A
HEALTHY CONDITION.
Objective 4: WITHIN THREE YEARS THE MMCC WOULD HAVE AQUIRED
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO STRENGTHEN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENET AREA.
The designation
of zones has been delineated by clans. There are two areas within the area (1) open
to harvesting but with regulations and (2) Protected area.
A Map needs to be inserted here to show the proposed protected areas. (Wence to provide)
Clan name
|
Area
|
Designated
zone
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Dawang
|
Mot reef
|
Tambu (Protected)
|
Dawang
|
Parangamal reef
|
Restriction during spawning times
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The following set of rules will apply to areas
that are open to harvesting by the local communities. All penalties are outlined in table 7.3.1.
Rules
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Total ban of the use of poison rope for fishing
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Ban use of double Hook for fishing
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Ban use of gill nets for fishing
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No use of dive tank to dive for fish and other
marine resources
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No night diving
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Oil pollution/spillage
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No use of dynamite
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No Killing of turtle
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No harvesting of turtle eggs
|
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The tambu or protected areas is banned from
all forms of harvesting. These rules can be seen in table 7.3.1 and the penalties that will be enforced
are also in the table.
The following penalties will be imposed if
rules are breached.
Table 7.3.1. Rules and Penalties
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RULES
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PENALTIES
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1
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Total ban of the use of poison rope
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1.1 If there is a First time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
1.2. If it is the second time that the offender breaks the rule he or she will do community
service.
1.3 If it is
the third time for the person to break the rule they will be fined K1000
|
2
|
Seasonal ban (need to determine dates)on the use double hook
for fishing
|
2.1 First time committed offence will be given
warning
2.2 Second time committed offence will do community
service work.
2.3 Third
time offender will be charged a fine
of K100.00
|
3
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No use of gas tank to dive for fish
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3.1 .Offender taken to district court and fined K5000.00
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4
|
Seasonal ban (need to determine dates)on the use of gillnet fishing
|
4.1 If there is a first time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
4.2. If it is
the second time that the offender
breaks the rule he or she will do community service
4.3 Third time to break the rule the offender is
charged K200.00
|
5
|
No night diving
|
5.1. If there is a first time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
5.2. If it is
the second time that the offender
breaks the rule he or she will do community service
5.3 Third time offender taken to village court and
fined K100.00
|
6
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Oil Pollution/Spillage
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6.1 Report the spillage to National Maritime Safety
Authority (NMSA) and get report from them.
6.2 Take the report to the National Court level
and charge K10,000??
|
7
|
No use of dynamite
|
7.1
Take the matter to district court and be charged K5000.00??
|
8
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Prohibited to
kill turtles
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8.1 Give warning to the offender if it is a first
offence
8.2
Second time to commit offence to be dealt with at the village court and fined
K1000.00??
|
9
|
Prohibited to harvest clamshell
|
9.1 If there is a first time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
9.2. If it is
the second time that the offender
breaks the rule he or she will do community service
9.3 Third time to break the rule the offender is
charged K50.00
|
10
|
Prohibited to harvest turtle eggs
|
10.1 If there is a first time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
10.2.Second
time offender taken to court and fined K1300.00?? K50 according to Fauna Act
1966
|
11
|
Prohibited to harvest sea cucumber
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11.1 If there is a first time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
11.2. If it is the second time that the
offender breaks the rule he or she
will do community service
11.3
Third time to commit offence taken to village court and fined K1000.00.??
|
12
|
Prohibited to harvest trochus
|
12.1 If there is a First time offender the MMC will
give a first warning.
12.2. If it is the second time that the
offender breaks the rule he or she
will do community service
12.3
Third time to commit offence taken to village court and fined K1000.00.
|
The rules outlined above will be enforced
by the LMMA Committee and will be enforced through the village court system.
The duties of the enforcement team is: (1) To ensure that rules are followed
(2) Will apply and collect penalties (3) responsible for erecting of the sign
posts.
The Marine Management
Committee will include (number of
males and females and name the members)___________________________________________________________________
NOTE: Need a lawyer to interpret these laws and
penalties and advise accordingly before we develop Contract Law (CD) or fill in
the LMMA form.
To ensure the effective management of the
LMMA the following activities have to be undertaken by the committees and
working with our partners, especially when there is need for technical support.
ACTIVITY (WONEM WOK)
|
WHAT STEP TO
TAKE (HAU BAI YU MEKIM)
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LEAD PERSON (MAN IGO PAS)
|
WHEN TO DO (WANEM TAIM)
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1.
Organise
meeting with community leaders
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Call all leaders for a meeting to organize programs
|
MMCC
|
After this meeting
|
2. AWARENESS
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Conduct awareness
with individual clans, community members, students and school board.
|
°Clan rep
°MMCC
°MAKATA
|
°Meeting with all Clans
°Meeting at Community Day in 2014 with students in
Term 4 every Friday
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3. Protection of Turtles
|
Meet to prepare programme
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MMCC Chairman
|
Last week of September 2014
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4. Management of Coral reefs
|
° Meet to prepare programme
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MMCC Chairman
|
2014??
|
5.Develop a boundary map
|
Request
a boundary map from MAKATA
|
Cecillia/Leeray
|
25/09/14
|
6. Education awareness for committee members
|
° Invite Marine Cons Scientist to conduct training
to build capacity of committees
|
MAKATA
|
To be confirmed
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7. Turtle Tagging and Monitoring
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°Mobilizing of equipments
°Mobilizing and document data and link data to SPREP
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MAKATA
|
To be confirmed
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The monitoring plan will be developed with
the partner organization MAKATA Inc., so
that the methodologies are aligned with the scientific methodology. The plan will
outline the following:
9.1 A local monitoring team will be
established and trained to carry out the community-based monitoring, which may
include both biological and socio-economic information.
9.2 The monitoring to be done will also be
assisted by partnership with MAKATA to provide technical expertise.
Indicator
species
|
Monitoring
method
|
When to do it
|
Survey site
|
Who will do survey
|
Who to share
information to
|
Leatherback ,Green Turtle and Hawksbill
|
Biological survey
Confirm
with JOB
|
Nesting periods
|
Nesting beaches along MUR- Confirm name
|
Local monitors with assistance from expert MAKATA
engage
|
Local Communities, LLG
|
Coral reef and fish health
|
Biological survey Belt transect and visual census
|
Annually
|
Protected area and open harvest
|
MAKATA
contract expert
|
Local communities , LLG
|
Number of trees planted and healthy
|
Observations/Photo shots
|
As soon as trees are planted
|
Beach areas
|
Local Community
|
Local people of MUR
|
Number of offenders
|
Socio-Economic (SE) survey –Cases from the Village
court
|
Bi-annually
|
Mur community
|
Magistrate and Committee
|
Local communities
|
The management plan will be reviewed annually (or in three or five years??)
for adaptive management purposes. If there are changes that need to be done to
the document the MM LMMA committees in consultation with the community may make
necessary changes during the review of the plan.
- Chairperson: He/she is responsible for ensuring each
committee member is carrying out his/her duties. He/she also has the
responsibility to speak at community meetings, with the Ward Member, and
the Local Level Government.
- Treasurer: He/she has the responsibility to account for
monies given to the Marine Management Committee from fine collected when
rules are breached.
- Secretary: He/she takes minutes during meetings
and deals with documents that are received or sent by the Marine
Management Committee.
·
Police /Enforcement
Officers
(4): This team will ensure that all
rules are followed in the management area and offenders dealt with accordingly.
5. List of
workshop participants
List of participant and the clan they
represent:
NAME: CLAN
1.
DOMINIC AMBALS MARASOK
2.
JOHN MATELA MAIGOMDA
3.
MELKAI KAMBANG KAMDAU
4.
JERRY MELAUGI MAIGOMDA
5.
SMETLY SABAR (or SEMTLI. SABAR) MUR
6.
ROBINSON MATELA MAIGOMDA
7.
ELIAS TANGURENG MUR
8.
BENSON PETER DAWANG
9.
MR. NORBET SOKILA
10.
TILOM DABALIGA DAWANG
